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Calendar production, calendar printing, calendar design
Release time:2023-11-13 13:55
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File size: 111.2KB
China’s earliest calendar emerged roughly more than four thousand years ago. Oracle-bone inscriptions reveal that the calendar used during the Shang Dynasty was already quite sophisticated. One particular oracle-bone calendar—currently the oldest surviving physical example of a calendar ever discovered—is also known as a “calendar.”
As the Tang Dynasty poem puts it: “In the mountains, there’s no calendar; when the cold ends, one doesn’t even realize how many years have passed.” The “calendar” mentioned here may well be the earliest form of desk calendar. During the Tang dynasty, historians would cut paper daily and bind it into volumes, one volume per month. Each page bore the month and date, leaving blank spaces for the imperial eunuchs—close attendants—to record the emperor’s words and deeds. This was known as the “calendar.” At the end of each month, the calendar was first submitted to the emperor for review, then filed away by the historians for use in compiling the “National History.” Because it served both to mark time and document events, officials from both civil and military ranks eagerly adopted this practice.
Early development
Historical records indicate that around 1,100 years ago, during the first year of Yongzhen in the reign of Emperor Shunzong of the Tang Dynasty, calendars began to be used in the imperial palace. At that time, the calendar was also known as the "Imperial Calendar." It not only recorded dates but also served as an important source for compiling the nation's official history. The calendar of that era resembled a booklet; the year was divided into 12 volumes, with the number of pages in each volume determined by the number of days in the corresponding month. Each page bore the month and date, and the calendar was then entrusted to eunuchs who attended to the emperor. Every day, these eunuchs would record the emperor's words and deeds on the blank pages of the calendar. At the end of each month, after the emperor reviewed and approved the entries, the calendar was submitted to the court historians for archiving. The historians would then integrate the calendar’s contents with major events occurring at the imperial court and throughout the country, refining and polishing the information before recording it as part of the nation’s official history.
Later, as calendars brought many conveniences to daily life, they gradually made their way into the homes of numerous high-ranking officials at the imperial court. After undergoing improvements, these calendars were tailored to suit individual households. As calendars continued to evolve toward greater popularity and household use, people began printing the sexagenary cycle, monthly regulations, solar terms, and auspicious days according to the Yellow Calendar on their calendars, while leaving large blank spaces for personal notes and reminders.
As for how the lunar calendar later evolved into various forms such as wall calendars and desk calendars, that development has occurred only within the past century. Desk calendar designs have progressed from their original simple styles to a wide array of diverse variations—this is a result of the recent growth of the market economy, the widespread adoption of the internet, and the increasing exchange of cultures. Consequently, desk calendars themselves have also undergone changes; the most common trend is that they’ve become smaller and more refined.
Appearance,Philosophy,Calendar,Archive
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